Depression
If you or someone you know experiences persistent sadness, it could be more than just a mood swing. It could be a sign of depression. Fortunately, your mental health provider can help.
What you need to know about depression
Depression is a serious medical condition affecting how you feel about the world, yourself, and your environment. The condition causes persistent feelings of sadness and lack of interest.
Causes and risk factors for depression
Several things can cause depression, including:
- Individual characteristics because there are differences in brain chemicals
- Genetics because depression runs in families
- Personality because low self-esteem, low stress tolerance, and general pessimism can all contribute to depression
- Environment because exposure to neglect, abuse, poverty, or violence can cause depression
Signs and symptoms of depression
According to the American Psychiatric Association, signs and symptoms of depression include:
- Persistent feelings of sadness or depressed mood
- Loss of interest in things you once enjoyed
- Appetite changes, either eating more or less than usual
- Changes in sleep patterns, either sleeping too little or too much
- Lack of energy or increasing fatigue or malaise
- Feelings of worthlessness, hopelessness, or guilt
- Inability to concentrate, focus, or make decisions
- Increase in purposeless activities like pacing or wringing of hands
- Thoughts of suicide or death
How is depression treated?
Depression is a very treatable condition, and depression management in Illinois generally consists of:
- Medication therapy, including antidepressants to modify brain chemistry
- Psychotherapy, including cognitive behavioral therapy to help manage and reframe negative thoughts into positive ones
- Group or family therapy to provide support and a feeling of belonging
- Lifestyle modification, including exercise, eating a healthy diet, and getting enough sleep to help minimize symptoms
- Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for individuals with major depression who are not responding to other treatments
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
How do I know if I have depression or if I’m just feeling sad?
Sadness is a normal emotion, but if it lingers for more than two weeks and interferes with your daily life, it could be depression. Look for signs like sleep issues, changes in appetite, or a loss of interest in activities.
Can children and teenagers experience depression?
Yes. Depression can affect individuals of all ages. In children and teens, it may show up as irritability, changes in school performance, or withdrawal from social activities.
Can depression go away on its own?
Mild episodes might improve with time, but moderate to severe depression typically requires professional treatment. Ignoring the symptoms can prolong or worsen the condition.
What’s the difference between depression and anxiety?
Depression usually involves low energy, sadness, and lack of interest, while anxiety involves excessive worry, restlessness, and tension. However, they can occur together and share some overlapping symptoms.
Is medication always necessary for treating depression?
Not always. Some individuals respond well to therapy and lifestyle changes alone. However, others may benefit from a combination of medication and therapy. Treatment should be tailored to each person’s needs.
How long does treatment for depression usually last?
This varies by individual. Some people improve in a few months, while others may need longer-term treatment. Regular follow-ups with a provider can help assess progress and adjust the plan as needed.
What should I do if someone I know may be depressed?
Start by gently expressing your concern. Encourage them to speak with a mental health professional. Offering support and understanding—without judgment—can make a big difference.
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